Estudio teórico de la generación de estados no clásicos de luz en montajes simples con divisores de haz.

Abstract

In recent decades, quantum optics has experienced notable advancements driven by research in quantum information and communication applications, as well as quantum metrology. Entangled and squeezed states are fundamental phenomena that have received special attention, as they become exploitable resources in these areas of study due to their purely quantum origin. The beam splitter theory in quantum optics has been carefully elaborated upon mathematical and fairly simple physical principles. This tool, the beam splitter, stands out for its great versatility and can be theoretically implemented with relative ease in various configurations, as evidenced in works such as [1, 2, 3]. The generation of nonlinearity induced by measurement at the outputs of a beam splitter arises as a method to produce entangled states and reduce uncertainty in the quadratures of various states. The main objective of this thesis was to conduct a theoretical study, both analytical and numerical, using computational simulations. Three different configurations involving beam splitters, detectors, and phase selectors were explored, varying specific parameters in each setup. An evaluation of the resulting entanglement was performed, and the quadratures of the states at the output ports of the beam splitter were examined, visualized in phase space through Wigner functions. During the simulations, different combinations of light states were arranged at the input ports, including coherent states |α⟩, squeezed states |ξ⟩, single photons |1⟩, and vacuum states |0⟩. From these combinations, the configuration providing the best levels of entanglement and reduction in state quadratures was studied.