Modelación del transporte de plaguicidas e insecticidas en suelos de cultivo de arveja mediante el software Hydrus-1D en la vereda El Escorial Pamplona Norte de Santander.

Abstract

In the municipality of Pamplona as well as in other municipalities of Colombia there is currently no diagnosis of management, regulation and supervision of the use of agrochemicals with which soil degradation can be prevented, since due to its overexploitation by various activities such as agriculture, chemicals are used excessively as pesticides and insecticides, used during the different phases of crops, in order to obtain a good yield in their crops. However, these chemical compounds used in agriculture usually reach the soil, either directly or indirectly, causing pollution problems. In the present investigation the transport of pesticides and insecticides was modeled in pea cultivation soils in El Escorial, through the Hydrus 1-D software. For this, field trips were made to identify the stages of the crop, the pesticides and insecticides used by means of a survey of the owners, the sampling points of the soil taking into account the type of sampling, the number and sampling. Likewise, meteorological information supplied by the IDEAM was collected, in order to identify the level of precipitation and infiltration that occurs in the study area, physical and chemical analyzes of the soil were made to know its current condition and determine if there are significant changes in its composition d ue to the use of agrochemicals, where acid soils of 5.5 to 6.5 were found, predominantly reddish brown color, high moisture content, moderate permeability and sandy loamy texture; In addition, the behavior of these chemical compounds and their affectation to the environment was determined by the gas chromatography method with electron capture detector (GCECD) and extraction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), being determined in the soils of the two crops of pea organochlorinated pesticides such as Beta BHC, gamma chlordane, endosulfan and methoxychlor. The transport of these pollutants was also modeled, finding that methoxychlor is the most transported, with a depth of 60 cm for the first crop and 49 cm for the second. Finally, a proposal was made t o provide information to the owners of the crops, for an adequate use of these substances and new viable and economical methods for their proper treatment.