Correlación energía-energía en cromodinámica cuántica.

Abstract

crucial role in the energy transition as a renewable energy source. Its operation is based on the capture of solar radiation and its conversion into electrical energy, conventionally by using p-n semiconductor materials. Since the first cells were produced with an energy efficiency of 1 %, technological advances have allowed a continuous improvement in performance, but there is still a long way to go to reach the theoretical limit, the Shockley- Queisser limit, which is around 30 %. In this work, we study two quantum models proposed for the operation of a photovoltaic cell: the first, a simple representation consisting of a system of two energy levels with a single relaxation mechanism with the environment; the second, a donor-acceptor type model consisting of a system of four energy levels and different relaxation mechanisms between levels and with the environment, both systems interacting with Gaussian photon pulses. The dynamics of the studied models is described by the Lindblad equation, and the interaction with light is studied by the Jaynes-Cumming model. From the results obtained, two specific cases are numerically simulated for the fourlevel system: one with unrealistic parameters and the other with realistic parameters for the decay rates, and from these different cases, the shape of the photon pulse and the average number of photons in the pulse are modified. These simulations allow us to analyze the dynamics of several thermodynamic variables in the systems, with the aim of determining their energy efficiency. In the continuous pulse scenario, interacting with the cell and implementing the unrealistic parameters, an efficiency of 69% was obtained, while in the case of discrete pulses, a value of 40% was obtained. Finally, we plot the results for realistic parameters, obtaining an efficiency of 68 %.