Mastocitoma cutáneo en canino macho pug de 9 años: reporte de caso.

Abstract

Cutaneous mastocytoma is one of the main differential diagnoses related to neoplastic growths on the skin, it is characterized by a dermal mass of accelerated proliferation that can occur alone or accompanied by multiple synchronous lesions, the complications associated with this pathology are linked to a high percentage of generating metastases to regional lymph nodes and organs such as the spleen and liver. Below, a clinical case is described that was presented in the veterinary clinic for small animals Animal World, canine patient, whole male, 9-year-old Pug breed, was in the pet shop area, they request medical evaluation by the doctor on duty, the owner reports that a mass appeared at the level of the leg and it grew very fast. In the initial physical examination, physiological constants were taken, being in the normal ranges for the species, on auscultation no abnormal sounds were perceived in the heart and lung, the lymph nodes without alterations or evidence of being reactive, on inspection of the mass it presented a nodular appearance adhered to the skin located in the antebrachial region of the right forelimb. Complementary tests were carried out, reporting the following alterations: the hemoleucogram showed mild neutrophilia, anemia characterized by a decrease in erythrocytes and hemoglobin, in the biochemical profile alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine and albumin were measured, which were in the normal ranges; a fine needle puncture (FAP) was performed on the mass to perform a cytology observing cells compatible with well-differentiated mast cells. In the radiographic projections, it is possible to observe that the mass was not attached to the bone, thus ruling out osteosarcoma, on the other hand, the thoracic cavity was unchanged, free of metastasis, in the ultrasound there is no evidence of changes in echogenicity associated with metastases in the spleen and liver. Based on the results obtained in the physical assessment and complementary examinations, it is proposed as a diagnosis of low-grade cutaneous mastocytoma, the therapeutic options are mainly based on surgical excision, in this case it was not recommended due to the difficulty of facing tissues due to the large size of the mass, as an attack therapy it is initiated with homeopathy and cycles of 21 days of lomustine with the aim of reducing the neoplasm facilitating surgery.