Tecnologías no convencionales que transforman energía eléctrica a energía térmica para corte de metales: una revisión.

Abstract

UCM unconventional machining technologies are those that use energies other than mechanical energy to perform complex machining, and in which the cutting tool does not touch the material to be cut. Non-conventional thermoelectric machining technologies are part of the UCM and are characterized by transforming electrical energy into thermal energy by a difference in potential, by ionization of dielectric substances to create sparks at high temperatures and with the amplification of light. This article presents a bibliographic review of the application of non-conventional manufacturing technologies that convert electrical energy to thermal energy of greater relevance, in order to expose those that are most suitable for cutting metals of greater use in industry, as well as their most outstanding benefits and challenges. Different experimental studies evidenced the advantages of this type of machining as opposed to the traditional one, offering solutions for the cutting of different types of metals such as superalloys and steel. It was concluded that although the thermal type WBU consumes more energy, is more expensive to implement and presents some challenges such as the generation of cast layer and heat damage, it also offers better benefits to the most demanding industries in terms of quality and machining time.