El contexto social - cultural y su influencia en el desempeño ocupacional del escolar en la zona urbana y rural.

Abstract

The research aimed to determine the influence of social and cultural context in occupational performance of primary schoolchildren basic urban and rural areas belonging to the Escuela Normal Superior de Pamplona, based on Cariongo and Centro Educativo rural Chichira based the Naranjos, with a population of low socioeconomic status. The research process begins with a sample of 100 students, of which 50 belong to the urban areas and 50 rural areas which were in grades first through fifth primary. An assessment process is done with the SCOPE instrument (Initial Child Occupational Profile) Gray Kielhofner to analyze environmental factors, of volition, habituation, communication skills and interaction and motor. In this research, it became necessary statistics and results analysis separately for urban and rural areas, because their social and cultural contexts have different characteristics; thus, it is able to conclude that in urban areas that inhibit the occupational performance of children are nonverbal communication, social relationships, and guidance to the environment; meanwhile the main factors restricting the performance of school are an expression of pleasure, verbal communication and conversation. Moreover, in rural areas were obtained as factors inhibiting school performance of children occupational expression of pleasure, understanding and use of objects, physical resources and participation in social groups; among the factors restricting such performance are the physical space, nonverbal communication, expression of pleasure and response to challenges; therefore it is necessary to target interventions to these specific issues through the implementation of two different plans of action seeking to reduce the socio-cultural factors that are inhibiting and restricting occupational performance of schools through the implementation of therapeutic activities functionality favor of children in school performance role.