Desarrollo de una prótesis mioeléctrica de miembro superior con amputación transradial por medio del uso de tecnologías 3D en la Fundación Materialización 3D en Bogotá D.C.

Abstract

The main idea of this work practice, is to develop a myoelectric limb prosthesis with low-cost transradial amputation, thus achieving a better quality of life in people with transradial amputation, compensating in some way the loss or limitation of physical functions. For the fulfillment of the labor practice, this project is structured in 5 phases. The first phase is aimed at deepening the analysis of the problem, where a documentation and collection of background information is carried out with the purpose of strengthening the foundations of this project. Next, the methodology for the deployment of the quality function (QFD) is applied to establish parameters for improvement in the development of the prosthesis. The second phase consists in the improvement of the structural and mechanical design of the 2.0 myoelectric prosthesis, for this process 3D modeling will be used. In the third phase, the acquisition, digitization and treatment of an electromyographic signal (EMG) is performed; This signal is captured by the Myoware sensor that must be placed on the user's arm making direct contact with the skin, by means of electrodes, which will allow emitting the order of movement to the microservos, counting on an amplification, conditioning and filtering of received muscular signals, so that the affectation by inherent noise in the electronic components, the environmental electrical noise, the noise produced by movement and noise produced in the acquisition equipment can be reduced. In the fourth phase, the execution of movement is worked once all the parts of the final design of the prosthesis are printed, these components are assembled and the operation of all the mechanisms is observed, as well as the arrangement and dimensioning of the electronic components.The last phase consists of the implementation of the prosthesis prototype and study of its efficiency, in this it is observed that the prosthesis does not interfere with any movement made by the person, that the weight is not adequate, so that an effort is required minimal and simple to be operated; the optimal location of the sensor to capture the signals (EMG) is analyzed, the grip and strength to hold various objects in its environment is verified and the autonomy of the system put into operation is appreciated.