Aislamiento, caracterización y conservación de microorganismos endofíticos de seemannia sylvatica (kunth) Hanst. (Gesneriaceae) y establecimiento de cultivos celulares In Vitro.

Abstract

Plants and microorganisms are among the important natural resources in biotechnological applications. Studies conducted in some species of the Gesneriaceae family show that they have promising biological activities as antioxidants, anticancer, anti-inflammatory. Therefore, this work had as general objective to isolate, characterize and conserve endophytic microorganisms that interact with Seemannia sylvatica (Kunth) Hanst and establishment of in vitro cell cultures. For the isolation of endophytic microorganisms, there were use two methods: 1) cuts were made in the leaf (sheet), eliminating the edges and midrib, and 2) 2 grams of leaves were macerated with PBS solution, in both methods were used 13 crop media incubating at the same temperature for 7 days, after the time, morphological characterization was performed. The identified strains were preserved by deep-freezing and by the Castellani method, at the same time in vitro cultures were performed to obtain callus and seedlings. Isolation of microorganisms was achieved, being a total of 72 strains, corresponding to 34 fungal strains and 38 strains of yeast and bacteria, it was possible to perform the macroscopic description of each isolated strain observing that the colonies presented totally different morphologies, simultaneously it was possible to do conservation with the two methods used, showing that both methods are effective for the conservation in a long-term. Likewise, it was possible to obtain seedlings from direct organogenesis using the hormones NAA and BAP at different concentrations, it should be noted that the in vitro cultures obtained were subjected to different cleaning and disinfection processes of the plant material, evidencing that the standardized protocol in this study was the most effective, these crops showed growth from week 14 under controlled environmental conditions. The callogenesis process was not effective because the concentrations of the hormones 2,4-D and BAP were not correct and the presence of contamination occurred in all the treatments.