Caracterización en la adopción de un sistema de bioseguridad en granjas avícolas, en el municipio de Chinácota, Norte de Santander.

Abstract

The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) considers that infectious agents in poultry constitute a threat to their health, and some to public health, in addition, have significant economic and social implications. The most effective and economically viable means of controlling infectious agents in poultry production, especially intensive-type farms, is prevention. Biosecurity measures should be implemented in order to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious agents in the poultry production chain. Biosecurity will be reinforced through the adoption and application of the principles of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), and the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system. The municipality of Chinácota is the one with the largest number of avian producers, in the department of Norte de Santander; In order to improve production systems, it is necessary to carry out a study characterizing the level of compliance with commercial bird management regulations and biosecurity, since currently very few farms are in the process of implementation; Even so, they commercialize the products obtained, whether meat or eggs, with low safety, generating public health problems considering an epidemiological risk in the presence of rapidly spreading diseases. For the study, poultry farms in the municipality of Chinácota were identified, with 41 poultry farms registered with the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA), and 87 poultry farms not registered with the ICA, which are considered high risk, generating a total population than 128 poultry farms. For the statistical analysis, a representative sample of 30% of each group (registered and unregistered) was taken for a sample of 38 poultry farms distributed in 12 farms registered with the ICA and 26 farms not registered with the ICA. Two instruments were applied to collect the information, the checklist technique, the analysis method with the statistical package Spss21, analysis of the results through the use of graphs or tables; To determine the internal reliability of the checklist, the Kuder Richarson was applied; finally, the actors' triangulation was carried out, for greater precision of the results. The results obtained by the instrument 1. commercial biosecurity poultry farm checklist; 50% (19 farms) of the sample meet the requirements established at the national level for biosecurity and infrastructure; in specific items, in terms of transportation, storage, standardized operating procedures, with 40% compliance on average. For instrument 2. Evaluation of socio-economic factors, the lack of knowledge, training and accompaniment to producers by the Colombian Agricultural Institute can be highlighted. The information obtained in the field was analyzed and interpreted, considering pertinent measures that improve the adoption and implementation of the biosecurity system at the farm level, in the municipality of Chinácota, Norte de Santander, generating an egg or meat product with quality and safety For human consumption.