Elaboración de biocompostaje y su influencia en cultivos de Lactuca sativa L (Lechuga), Beta vulgaris variedad cicla (Acelga) y Apium graveolens var. Dulce (Apio España).

Abstract

The research focuses on the production of compost by aerothermal pile composting, using pruning waste generated as substrates at the University of Pamplona. For three months, characteristics of pH, temperature, humidity, nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) and microbial populations (total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, thermophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts) were monitored. The quality of the produced fertilizer was evaluated under Colombian Technical Standard 5167. To observe the variation by pile and in time, the Friedman test was applied (α = 5%), showing no significant differences in the dependent variables per stack, while the time factor did. The Spearman Coefficient (rho) showed significant correlation between microbial groups such as Total Coliform Bacteria (BCT), Fecal Coliform Bacteria (BCF), Amilolytic Bacteria (BA) and Cellulolytic Bacteria (BC). It was also done for the physicochemical variables showing correlations such as: pH and P, Conductivity and Humidity. The fertilizer produced showed compliance with the microbiological parameters, demonstrating the efficiency of the aerothermal process. Subsequently, the fertilizer was evaluated in different proportions: sand (100: 0, 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70) with lettuce, celery Spain and chard, to determine the influence on plant growth, production per plant and total production per treatment. The differences between treatments were determined by nonparametric analysis of Kruskal Wallis. The answers were lettuce with 70:30; for chard 50:50; celery 30:70. The adjustment of a non-linear regression model allowed us to obtain the Optimal Economic Dose (DOE), which for the chard case stood at 40.15% ± a standard error = 6.49%. It was found that the organic treatment exceeds the chemical fertilization (0q), in terms of the number of leaves, only in the case of lettuce and with the two highest doses (50% and 100%).