Del leviatán o la negación de la humanidad. Concepto y origen del Estado en Thomas Hobbes y Mijaíl Bakunin.

Abstract

From the statement of human being as evil or selfish by nature, derives the justification of political power and the State as a necessary occurrence. According to such a denigrating concept of human nature, the individual aside the state society, apart from a power to dominate and terrify, would be in a shameful state of perpetual war and struggle of interests. Grounded on the fiction of the social contract and the premise of inherent wickedness to man, from Hobbes it is maintained the absolute State Law thesis and its justification. In this text will exhort to identify in the man selfish by nature thesis an argument inclined to the justification and legitimization of political submission and economic exploitation. Since Thomas Hobbes, it will be addressed the concept of human nature as a notion which through certain anthropological pessimism substantiate the origin and perpetuation of State and authority. Having said that, such perspective will be confronted with the political philosophy of Mikhail Bakunin and his anarchist conception of human nature and the true origin and character of State. In Bakunin, it will be pointed out the criticism against State as a historical form of society characterized by the elimination of human liberty and the completion of the most damaging instincts of humanity; the power and the consolidation of selfish moral.