Mente y voluntad: una lectura crítica de Schopenhauer en el marco de la filosofía de la mente.

Abstract

This text explores the relationship between mind and will in Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophy. The objectives pursued are as follows: First, to examine how traditional ontology and epistemology are redefined, as well as the displacement of rationality as the foundation of reality due to the concept of the will (Wille). Second, to explore the relevance of Schopenhauer’s thought for contemporary debates in the philosophy of mind, particularly concerning consciousness and its relationship with the physical. Finally, to critically assess current philosophical trends in light of the metaphysics of the will. The methods employed consist of a hermeneutic analysis of Schopenhauer’s key works, such as Volumes I and II of The World as Will and Representation (2009) and On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason (1998). Additionally, a critical comparison is made in dialogue with contemporary currents (materialism, functionalism, panpsychism). The innovative aspect of Schopenhauer’s theory lies in its continued relevance to the philosophy of mind, as the will anticipates contemporary debates—such as critiques of functionalism—and proposes solutions to what is now known as the "hard problem of consciousness." The conclusions reached consist of the ontological unification achieved by overcoming traditional dualistic dichotomies, since the will is posited as the single underlying substrate of reality. The voluntarist metaphysics provides a framework for integrating conscious subjectivity into a physical universe, thereby avoiding dead ends such as substance dualism or reductive materialism.