Descripción de algunas propiedades físicas y químicas de los suelos en algunas fincas productoras de mora (Rubus robustus C. Presl.) en la vereda Cúnuba, municipio Pamplona, Norte de Santander.

Abstract

The blackberry (Rubus robustus C. Presl), is one of the crops that has reached its peak in the municipality of Pamplona - Norte de Santander, however, there is little information on the characteristics of the soils in which this crop grows. That is why in this study some physical and chemical characteristics of the soils in the Cúnuba village of the Pamplona municipality, Norte de Santander, were evaluated. Five farms were selected (Pararrayo, Loma redonda, Estrella, Arturo and Arrayán) and a plot of 1000 m2 was delimited on each farm. Within each plot, 5 simple soil samples were taken for each depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, for a total of 10 samples per plot. Volumetric humidity in the field and mechanical resistance to penetration were measured, this method was carried out with a pocket penetrometer taking 4 points at each depth. Soil samples were also taken with cylinders to determine apparent density, in addition, real density was found by the pycnometer method; pH and electrical conductivity in a 2:1 water and soil ratio and organic matter by the method of soil loss by ignition. A descriptive analysis was performed on the data. The soils were found to be sandy to sandy loam. Volumetric and gravimetric humidity were between 30 and 40% and 40 and 50%, respectively. Bulk density was below 2.0 g/cm3 in all farms, showing a certain risk of compaction in some farms. The mechanical resistance in the farms (Loma redonda, Arturo and Arrayán) was above 2 kg/cm2, taking into account that the values in agricultural soils range between 0.5 and 3 Kg/cm2, considering 3 Kg/cm2 a compacted soil. The porosity ranged between 40 and 50%. The pH of the soils in the different farms was between 5 and 6 moderately acids. There were no sales problems as the electrical conductivity was low. The % MO varied between 6.10 and 21.41%. The soils in which the blackberry grape grows in the municipality of Pamplona are limited by a very sandy texture, a moderately acidic pH and, in some farms, low values of organic matter