Contaminación con elementos traza en suelos cultivados con hortalizas y estrategias de biorremediación.

Abstract

The cultivation of vegetables in soils contaminated with heavy metals or trace elements represent a serious threat to human health due to the risk of their incorporation into the food chain. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the scientific evidences of the presence of trace elements in soils cultivated with vegetables and the bioremediation strategies and some bioremediation strategies implemented successfully. The focus of this research was qualitative in which a systematic review of the literature and a documentary analysis with a descriptive scope were made. For this, a compilation of scientific articles from the last 10 years published in national and international journals was carried out in order to present the scientific evidence of contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals, highlight the sources of contamination as well as highlight the different strategies of bioremediation used in the recovery of soils contaminated with heavy metals or trace elements. According to the results, the literature available at the national level on the presence of heavy metals in soils cultivated with vegetables is relatively scarce and they are concentrated in agricultural areas of Cundinamarca, Córdoba and Norte de Santander. Microremediation and phytoremediation were the most widely implemented strategies. However, the combination of phytoremediation together with the application of organic amendments has shown to have very interesting results since it improves the conditions for the plant to express its maximum extraction potential.