Evaluación de la fertilización sobre el rendimiento de cuatro clones de papa criolla (solanum phureja juz et buk) en el municipio de Chitagá, Norte de Santander.

Abstract

This research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effects of four doses of fertilization on the yield of four clones of potato criolla in the municipality of Chitagá, at a height of 2,040 msnm, with an average temperature of 17 ° C, shallow soils and low fertility. The four best clones selected from previous studies were subjected to various fertilization systems and their yields were evaluated to identify the best option for farmers. Fertilization treatments were generated from the results of the soil analysis and the nutritional requirements obtained by the ICA. Four doses were determined as follows: the first dose handled as a cultural practice by the farmer. The second dose based on soil analysis. The third dose was defined based on the soil analysis plus 50% of fertilizer. The fourth dose calculated from the soil analysis minus 20% of fertilizer. The yield variables for the study were number of stems, thickness of stems, height of plant and leaf area of the plant, evaluated at full bloom season. The height of the plant and thickness of the stems are the most influential in yields, but its contribution only reaches 36%. At the time of harvest the tubers were evaluated, estimating the weight by categories depending on their size. The tubers were classified into four sizes: zero, first, second and riche, (riche the smallest size). A health assessment was also carried out on the tubers to determine the presence of important pathogens in the crop. No significant differences were found between the performance of different clones. The fertilizer doses with respect to the yield in tons per hectare presented difference, showing that to a greater quantity of fertilizer, greater weight and diameter of the tuber. The fertilization dose recommended to be used is the one obtained under the results of the soil analysis or dose two, besides that it presents an economic gain of 160% on the invested making it more profitable compared to the other doses studied.