Control a distancia de motores de corriente alterna.

Abstract

The objective of this work is to develop an electronic remote control system that allows the activation and shutdown of electric motors at defined times, motors that are directly coupled to submersible pumps, for deep wells, integrating electronic and electrical devices that involve To turn on and off these motors, using as communication elements mobile devices, Mobile phones can be used in various applications because of their characteristics and technology allow us to perform work without being present at the workplace, taking into account that You can reduce the risks of accidents and hazards that can arise in some type of occupations. In this first stage of the system we will use mobile devices as tools for transmitting and receiving tones, we will connect a mobile phone with an active line that will be configured so that it can be answered automatically, where the tones can be heard and always available, Through the audio output of the phone is connected directly to the circuit of a tone decoder (DTMF). The main function of the tone decoder is to detect the valid groups by pressing a digit and generate a binary code in the output so that it can be read from a micro controller. The control circuit will be done using a micro controller PIC 18 F4550. Power stage. The current necessary to achieve the operation of this type of motors in their great percentage comes from three-phase alternating current sources that must have a large current flow. So these types of sources are used. When using three-phase circuits we can remember the advantages of using Phasors to find the steady state response of linear circuits to a sinusoidal input. The circuits containing capacitors or inductors are represented by Differential Equations in the time domain. These equations can be solved but with great difficulty. Impedances and Phasors are used to represent the circuit in the frequency domain. The linear circuits are represented by algebraic equations in the frequency domain, these algebraic equations contain complex numbers but are easier to solve than the differential equations, solving this equation gives the Fasor corresponding to the voltage or the output current , We know that the voltage or steady-state output current will be sinusoidal and will have the same frequency as the input, magnitude and phasor phase angle corresponding to the voltage or the output current give the magnitude and phase angle Of the output sine. To achieve the interface connection between our control circuit and these three-phase high-power sources we will use contactors. A contactor is an electromechanical device that functions as a switch controlled by an electrical circuit in which by means of an electromagnet several contacts are operated allowing to open or close other independent electric circuits. Their functions are very similar to the functions of the relays. In fact to close or interrupt the supply of the Contactor coils we will use a relay because these coils can be energized with smaller powers. Relays are used in conventional control because this type of control does not need to use PLC or any other type of electronic board only relays are needed. The contactors are used to activate higher powers among which are the single-phase motors, three-phase motors, industrial resistances among others.