Identificación de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP), en trucha arco iris y su efecto genotóxico, cultivada en Mutiscua-Norte de Santander.

Abstract

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are compounds recognized by the IARC as carcinogens, they are mainly formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter. The Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA, 2005) and the Group of Contaminant Experts of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2008) have determined that 16 PAHs are indisputably genotoxic and carcinogenic to people . In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are persistent organic compounds, most of these are carcinogenic and toxic to living organisms, especially they can bioaccumulate in fatty tissues of aquatic organisms, and remain in sediments of the waterbed or be mobilized by particles suspended in the water, thus becoming incorporated into the fish of the ecosystem. Under this context, the accumulation of contaminants in fish is increasingly worrying due to food safety problems and potential risks to human health, added to the type of food processing, having a significant influence on the levels of PAH present. in this type of food matrices. The present study was carried out in the municipality of Pamplona, the samples were collected in the trout companies of the Mutiscua region, in the Tapagua village, and were processed and analyzed in the Quality Control Laboratory of the University of Pamplona. The analyzes were performed using the gas chromatography technique with FID ionization flame detector, in addition the trout samples were subjected to three cooking treatments: in water, frying in olive oil and frying canola and sunflower oil, and He applied the Comet test to establish the potential for genotoxicity. This investigation allowed to determine the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as: acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorantene, pyrene, benzo (a) anthracene, benzo (a) pyrene and benzo (g) perylene; Once the presence of these compounds was verified, the degree of genotoxicity could be established based on the percentage of DNA in the tail: 0 when there was no damage (<5%); 1 when it was low (5- 20%); 2 when it was moderate (20-40%); 3 high (40-80%), and 4, extreme (> 80%), statistically significant differences were established between the treatments applied and the variables length and height of the comet that show the degree of genotoxicity