Diseño arquitectónico de un centro penitenciario y carcelario en la ciudad de Villavicencio.

Abstract

Social reintegration is a methodical succession that aims to integrate into society a person who has been convicted, all this through a series of actions that address specific issues in order to deduce the reasons that have led the subject to commit a criminal activity, with the aim of treating and re-educating him in order to promote a change in his criminal behavior. According to (Fernando Betancourt, 2021) in Colombia, 10% of the prisons are suitable to meet the objective of resocialization, while 90% of the centers are immersed in problems such as overcrowding, structural deterioration and an inhumed state of the incarcerated inside the prison, a quite worrying figure to be a subject of great importance in the social development of the territory; The centers with greater capacity are in a massive agglomeration of inmates and see as an immediate solution the transfer of inmates to other prisons with lower overcrowding percentages. The need to address this problem is essential due to the irreversible damage that is being caused to the inmates of the campus and the risks posed by the centers due to structural deterioration and lack of maintenance. The 133 establishments in the country do not have the capacity to house the 173,490 deprived of liberty in 2021 according to the INPEC (National Penitentiary and Prison Institute, 2021), recognizing the importance of the construction of new establishments that contribute to reducing the percentages of overcrowding and criminal recidivism. Contemporary prison architecture bets on the fulfillment of social reintegration through collective development zones for inmates, spaces designed as reeducation and treatment areas, in order to provide inmates with tools that may be favorable in their social rehabilitation process. The atavistic thought of confinement spaces as a form of punishment originated the approach of areas where the inmate is mistreated, subjecting him to inhuman living conditions, generating irreversible psychological and behavioral problems that do not allow him to adapt to a society again. ; As soon as the individual enters a prison, the correct thing would be to implement a treatment that guides him to generate a change in his behavior, providing him with the tools so that he can re-educate himself, but once the inmate is admitted to the establishment he undergoes a drastic cultural change where it welcomes the prison lifestyle, the so-called effects of imprisonment. The idea of structuring a jail oriented towards the reeducation of the inmate is something that in Colombia still generates some controversy due to the concept of Contenido IX jail as incarceration and isolation centers; Now, if the criminal is contained in a space as a form of punishment, without any type of treatment, he would be releasing once the same criminal has served his sentence, perhaps, with worse behaviors acquired within the establishment, but, if you think about the treatment of the inmate as the main ideology would be guiding the approach of the new prisons as treatment areas, areas of collective growth where the inmate is encouraged to carry out an activity chosen at his discretion, be it work or education, in order to guide and redirect him to function in a positive way once they serve their sentence. The research is carried out in order to know and contextualize the state of the Villavicencio prison - meta, the living conditions of the population deprived of liberty (PPL) and the high rates of overcrowding of the campus, this allowed to identify the social determinants, physical and spatial to address the approach of a proposal that seeks to provide a solution to the current problems of the establishment. On the other hand, study the national regulations that govern the treatment of inmates and analyze the direction in which prisons are headed in contemporary times, in order to know the concepts and criteria that can be addressed in the development and elaboration of the approach. architectural design of the new prison in the city of Villavicencio.