Desarrollo de un prototipo de cultivos acuapónicos en la Fundación Orinoquía ubicada en el municipio de Puerto Carreño, Vichada.

Abstract

This project was developed with the purpose of implementing a prototype of aquaponic crops in the Orinoquia foundation, located in the municipality of Puerto Carreño, department of Vichada, to determine its contribution to the reduction of nitrogenous compounds and ammonium in fish production. The establishment of the aquaponic system brings as benefits, at an environmental level, the possibility of reusing raw materials such as water and waste produced by fish to transform them through bacterial action into a main source of organic fertilization for agricultural crops destined for human consumption. The study was developed in a fish production system with the white cachama species (Piaractus brachypomus) in a geomenbrana pond with a capacity of 9000 L; The prototype of the aquaponic system used was a hybrid system between the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT for its acronym in English, "Nutrient Film Technique") and Root Root ("Raft System"). In addition to the established hybrid system, 4 sets of gravel beds were placed. For the process of establishing the system, 57 plants of the species were used, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), cilantro (Coriandrum savitum) and long onion (Allium fistulosum). When the aquatics circuit was started, data were collected, measuring the conversion of ammonium to nitrites by the system and time required for the correct functioning of the bacterial colony. After the establishment test, an adaptability test was carried out, where physical characteristics such as root growth and leaves of different plant varieties are monitored. The plants used for this test were mostly lettuce in 10 varieties, red and yellow paprika; and tomato chonto. During this test the ammonium reduction of 0.50 mg / L, nitrites of 0.25 mg / L and nitrates of 0.50 mg / L was achieved. In addition to the help provided in reducing environmental impact, a food sovereignty strategy is created in the department of Vichada, through the production of organic vegetables. To conclude, aquaponics is considered as a viable alternative to jointly establish farms and fish farms. This system allows the reuse of water resources from fish farming for vegetable production, mitigating the environmental impact generated by these productions and obtaining food with added value.