Cuantificación de aflatoxina m1 en leche cruda y leche entera UAT comercializada por Freskaleche S.A.S en Aguachica-Cesar.

Abstract

Aflatoxins are a group of organic chemical compounds non-protein of low molecular weight, mainly produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius. The AFM1 is an oxidative metabolite of aflatoxin B1, produced by animals after the ingestion of these, which appears in milk and urine. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic activity, teratogenic and mutagenic. The main syndrome produced is hepatotoxic, and can also cause kidney problems. The main organs affected are: liver, kidney, and brain. The region of the Cesar - Colombia is characterized for being a region with an economy based on dual purpose livestock production by the characteristics of their flat reliefs that facilitate primary production; the breed of cattle resistant to tropical climates with high percentages of total solids; What gives rise to the interest of businessmen in the country to generate dairy industries in this region. It is common to use silage maize include cattle feed in the summer, these feeds if they are not properly stored in the dairy herds brought as a consequence the presence of fungi aflatoxigenics. Currently, no evidence no investigation in the region of Cesar about the quantification of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk. The objective of the present study was to quantify AFM1 levels in samples of raw milk used as raw material and milk whole UAT commercialized by Freskaleche S.A.S. in Aguachica, Cesar; using a column of immunoaffinity and liquid chromatography high efficiency (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector. Selected 40 herds dairy in the region that provided different feedstuffs (silage corn, hay, palmiste, among others) in the dry season and it was determined the presence of the genus Aspergillus, shedding 47.5% resulting candidates of the species of a. flavus, a. parasiticum. These herds were taken samples of raw milk and plant samples of whole milk UAT to complete a total of 50 samples distributed 25 in the time of drought (March 2016) and 25 at the time of rain (August of 2016). AFM1 levels in raw milk were statistically higher in the time of drought (0,0143 to 0,0435 µg/Kg) for the months of March to may, that ne rainy (0,00045 to 0,001995 µg/Kg) for the month of August. Thus, for the analyzed samples of whole milk UAT in the range of 0,02488 to 0,03832 µg/Kg for the dry season and 0,00475 to 0,009571 µg/Kg for the rainy season. While in both seasons samples cumplieron with current legal regulations for Colombia of 0.5 µg/Kg, 11.5% of samples of raw milk and 9.09% of milk samples entrera UAT failed with values permitted for export to the European Economic Community (0.05 µg/L), so it is important to take preventive measures in the production of silage to avoid the increase of aflatoxigenicos fungi.