Evaluación in vitro de la actividad antagónica de Trichoderma asperelloides frente a hongos asociados a cultivos orgánicos de tomate cherry (Solanum lycopersicum) y fresa (Fragaria × ananassa).

Abstract

Currently, there is a growing awareness of the negative impact that chemical pesticides have on the environment and human health. Therefore, agriculture is focusing on adopting more sustainable practices that minimize the use of these products and promote the use of biological control agents. Biological control involves the use of microorganisms to combat crop diseases and pests. The adoption of biological control practices in agriculture offers a sustainable and safe alternative to the excessive use of chemical pesticides. This not only contributes to environmental protection, but also to food safety and human health. The present work aims to identify phytopathological problems present in agroecological crops of cherry tomato and strawberry in the village of Chichira, located in the municipality of Pamplona, Norte de Santander, and to evaluate "in vitro" the possible biological control of the most prevalent fungi. A Phenotypic and phytopathological identification and subsequent testing against a biocontrol microorganism, in this case the fungus Trichoderma asperelloides, was carried out. The results obtained allowed to identify and control phytopathogens of agricultural interest, in this case the isolated genus corresponded to Fusarium, Botrytis, Pestalotia and Cladosporium, all presented severity and symptomatologies in the inoculated seedlings, in relation to the control of the phytopathogens the effects were the expected, conditionally the isolated phytopathogens showed affectation from different mechanisms of action against the activity of T. asperelloides. Finally, this study provides evidence of the potential of the native strain of T. asperelloides as a biocontroller for the management of fungal diseases in cherry tomato and strawberry crops, promising to be a useful biological control strategy in the sustainable management of agroecological crops located in the village of Chichira Norte de Santander.