Potencial Bioprospectivo de actinobacterias del G´enero Gordonia: Una Revisi´on Sistem´atica.

Abstract

Industrial development and human expansion have led to a significant increase in zoonotic diseases and antibiotic resistance. This situation has created an urgent need to discover new biological compounds for the pharmaceutical industry. In this context, actinobacteria of the genus Gordonia, with 56 known species, emerge as a biological resource with high potential for the production of biocompounds. These bacteria are recognized for their capacity in bioremediation processes, as well as in the synthesis of useful biosurfactants and pigments. They also stand out for the production of secondary metabolites with promising pharmaceutical applications. This work provides a systematic review of the scientific literature on the bioactive capacities of the genus Gordonia, evaluating its bioprospective potential in medicine and pharmacology. The collection and analysis of previous studies were carried out using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. Additionally, the identified secondary metabolites were translated into SMILES notation to conduct a detailed analysis of their chemical characteristics. Potential molecular interactions of these metabolites and their pharmacokinetic properties were explored using in silico tools from the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB). The results identified 30 specialized metabolites, classified as alkaloids, terpenoids, amides, and phenylpropanoids, which exhibit notable properties such as antimicrobial activity against resistant pathogens and anticancer effects, among others. Key strains producing compounds with high affinity for relevant molecular targets were identified. In silico analyses confirmed the pharmacokinetic viability of several metabolites, highlighting their potential for the development of innovative and effective therapies. Moreover, the ability of the genus Gordonia to synthesize neuroactive and antioxidant compounds was underscored, expanding its possible medical applications. These findings position Gordonia as a promising source to address critical challenges such as antimicrobial resistance, chronic inflammation, and metabolic diseases. This is due to its chemical diversity and molecular affinity with targets related to diseases that are difficult to treat or have limited therapeutic options. This study provides a solid foundation for future research aimed at maximizing the use of the genus Gordonia in biomedicine and pharmaceuticals, consolidating it as a key resource in the face of global health challenges.