Aspectos teóricos acerca del análisis e interpretación de la imagen hemodinámica cerebral mediante técnicas no invasivas basadas en la teoría de la difusión.

Abstract

This work reviewed analytical and conceptually the behavior of light passing through a scattering medium, in our particular case the brain, in order to determine hemoglobin levels in this organ. Determine these levels with accuracy allows an accurate and effective diagnosis of trauma or brain problems. Analogously to inert materials, by analyzing the light that is scattered from a human tissue we can obtain characteristics of this medium. Blood cells act in tissue as small scatterers. When light passes through this dispersive medium occur two physical phenomena, scattering and absorption, providing us information about the composition and movement of hemoglobin. We study these phenomena mathematically using the diffusion equation whose solutions are obtained from the boundary conditions, air-tissue, in an adjustable model to reality. Also, we reviewed the techniques for analyzing hemoglobin in the brain. These techniques are: near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). These techniques allow light impinges deeper into the brain providing information about cerebral blood flow (CBF). We will study the application of these techniques in healthy people and people with vascular brain trauma.