Descripción del comportamiento clínico de la neumonía nosocomial en el hospital universitario Erasmo Meoz: Serie de casos.

Abstract

Introduction: Nosocomial pneumonia (NN) is defined as the one that appears within 48 hours of hospital admission,it’s the second the infection acquired more frequently in the hospital, after urinary tract infections (UTI). Materials and methods: A descriptive case report study was conducted, about the clinical behavior, risk factors and main microorganisms observed in nosocomial pneumonia over a period of seven years in adult patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Erasmo Meoz. As a primary source we created a format of our authorship where information was collected from the clinical records and epidemiological records filed in the epidemiology department of the University Hospital Erasmo Meoz; A sample of 78 patients was obtained. Results: The number of cases of NN has decreased during the last 7 years. It was observed predominance in the masculine sex, and in the age group formed by majors of 60 years. Patients with ureic nitrogen less than 8 mg / dL and comorbidities such as malnutrition, stroke, COPD, and neoplasias were more frequently affected. On the other hand, the fundamental symptomatology in these cases was of rales, dyspnea, fever and cough. While the main microorganisms involved were Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Pseudomona Aeruginosa. Discussion: It is necessary to recognize the implications of nosocomial diseases on the prognosis of patients; optimization of prevention measures such as limiting the time of hospital stay to what is strictly required, improvement in the technique and frequency of handwashing, and strict use of personal protective elements could be related to the considerable decrease in cases of NN. It should be noted that the microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis of NN vary geographically and temporally, as we have observed in this and other studies.