Actividad física y el estrés laboral en los guardianes de seguridad del establecimiento penitenciario y carcelario de mediana seguridad de Pamplona-N/S.

Abstract

This research was conducted with the aim of designing a program of physical activity which allows the management of work stress level in the guardians of the Medium Security Penitentiary and Prison in Pamplona Northern Santander. A mixed, exploratory, descriptive and correlational research study was conducted. The sample population consisted of 37 users of both genders with an age range from 20 to 60 years who are part of two companies of security guards of “INPEC”. For the data collection, two questionnaires were used: OIT and OMS work stress, and Godin‟s questionnaire on physical activity. The data was analyzed using SPSS software, 2.0 version. Statistical tests were applied under a simple correspondence analysis showing the association between multiple categories of non-metric variables, enriching the information provided by the contingency tables, which only check whether there is any relationship between the variables (chi-squared test) and the intensity of the relationship (Cramer‟s test). It was found that users have presented work stress with intermediate stress levels of 90.5. Regarding the work stress and the physical activity questionnaire, no significant evidence was found between them; however, a greater number of users were insufficiently inactive with a value of 70%. Also, in the analysis of work stress and physical activities variables, five crosses of variables were made: 1) The educational level and type of strenuous activity, it showed that the educational level is related to the type of strenuous activity, considering that 27% of users who have a high school and professional education level perform some type of strenuous activity equal to 30% of users performing a sporting activity once a week on overage. 2) Age group and type of strenuous activity, it showed that the age group is related to the type of strenuous activity, considering that 40% of users are between the age of 31 years onwards, in which it was observed that they performed some kind of strenuous activity, equal to 30% of users performing a sporting activity once a week on average. 3) Marital status and type of moderate activity, it showed that the age group is related to the type of strenuous activity, considering that 40% of users are between the age of 31 years onwards, in which it was possible to observe that they performed some kind of strenuous activity equal to 30% of users performing a sporting activity once a week on average. 4) Socioeconomic status and marital status, it showed that 26% of users are in the socio-economic level (I, II, III, IV, V, VI), in which it was observed that the socio-economic status is related to the users‟ marital status equal to 28% of users: users found in the socioeconomic level I remain in a state of civil marriage. Users who are on a socioeconomic level II remain in a single state. Users who are on a socioeconomic level III remain in a state of free union. 5) Socioeconomic status and strenuous activity, it showed that 26% of users are in the socio-economic level (I, II, III, IV, V, VI), in which it was observed that the socio-economic status is related to the strenuous activity of users equal to 30% of users, belonging to socioeconomic status I, remain in the activity of playing football, in a socioeconomic level II are maintained jogging, going to the gym, jumping rope and practicing taekwondo activities once a week; in a socioeconomic level III activities of swimming, cycling and running are maintained. Within the general conclusions of the study, the following were obtained: 1) Results evidenced presence of intermediate stress in the area where the guardians operate. 2) Socio laborally, a single level of work stress was presented. 3) There were significant differences in the development of the physical activity program. 4) Significant differences between the two variables were observed after the implementation of the program. 5) It was accomplished to evaluate statistically the program under the qualitative-quantitative research design (mixed).