Propuesta de restauración de suelos degradados mediante el uso de abonos orgánicos en la vereda Monteadentro municipio de Pamplona.

Abstract

The Los Acacios farm is located in this Monteadentro village in the municipality of Pamplona, it is characterized by being an agricultural area, located between 2,400 - 2,800 meters above sea level. The farm was divided into five areas: agricultural (potato crops, onions, peas, garlic, others), cut grass, Kikuyu grass, secondary forest and restoration zone. The objective of the present investigation is to carry out the analysis of the soil to formulate a proposal for the recovery of the soil through the use of fermented organic fertilizer type Bokashi. For the physical characterization, 15 soil pit were made and composite samples were taken for granulometry and texture tests; chemical tests of horizon A (Organic matter, P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al and % total N, Fe, Mn, Zn, B). In the same way, basal respiration, fungal and bacterial counts were analyzed at a general level. To determine the quality of the soil, the methodology of indicators and indexes of soil quality was used. To obtain the organic fertilizer, the recommendations given by the FAO were followed. A Garmin 79S gpsmap was used; the contour lines were obtained from a flight of the Autel Evo 2 Pro 6K drone at a height of 200 m. The processing was done using professional Agisoft metashape software and GIS platform. It was found that the study area has 13 ha, with soils in which a clay loam to sandy texture predominates, and a granulometry with tendencies to clayey to silty sand, with the presence of gravel. It was determined that the grass cutting area had lower soil quality indices. The chemical analyzes of the Bokashi show a pH of 8.65, organic carbon of 34.78%, total N of 5.10%, indicating that they are suitable to be applied for soil restoration.