Caso clínico: Efusión pleural en cachorro de raza Labrador.

Abstract

Pleural effusion in the clinic of small animals is frequent in both dogs and cats, showing variability in clinical presentation, which through different pathophysiological mechanisms is associated with numerous causes that lead to pleural effusions. The result is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural chamber, where the patient may or may not undergo specific symptoms of the aforementioned process, subsequently causing systemic damage or death. The symptomatology of the process could go from a dyspnea due to chest pressure, chest pain, weight loss and cough. The symptomatology should be correlated to implement diagnostic methods such as ultrasonography and radiographic projections, which are indicative and clarify the diagnosis. Whole Labrador breed male canine patient with 3.2 kg of weight, named Megumi to the veterinary clinic dogs and cats by urgency, the owner reports that the patient traveled by land for 24 hours and has since presented symptoms of a respiratory process. During a careful clinical examination of the patient it was observed that he presented with respiratory distress manifesting orthopnea, pale mucous membranes, tachypnea, a depressed attitude and a weak pulse. It was decided to do T Fast where free fluid was evident in the chest cavity, so radiological projections were made which were confirmatory of the pleural effusion process, accompanied by blood samples to perform a hemoleucogram which yielded indicative results for an acute inflammatory process. After radiographic projections and confirmation of the presence of fluid, the thoracentesis procedure was implemented to extract the fluid, this is one of the most effective and effective methods in patients with pleural effusions. Afterwards, the extracted fluid is sampled to be sent to relevant studies and to establish an in-hospital clinical protocol according to the etiology of pleural effusion. Proper and detailed diagnostic examinations are very important as they are a determining factor. Emphasizing the importance of thoracentesis as a method of resolution to the table presented by the patient. Taking into account the symptomatology, a good management of the pleural effusion process must be carried out, where the stabilization and implementation of timely clinical therapies in the patient is essential.