Evaluación de la incidencia y severidad de las principales plagas que afectan las variedades comerciales de mora (Rubus spp.) en los municipios de Pamplona y Pamplonita Norte de Santander.

Abstract

This research project was developed from July to December 2022 with the objective of evaluating the incidence and severity of the main pests affecting commercial varieties of blackberry (Rubus spp.) in the municipalities of Pamplona and Pamplonita Norte de Santander. Census research was carried out selecting 50 farms producing the crop, 26 in the municipality of Pamplona and 24 in the municipality of Pamplonita, where the varieties planted at this time were sampled. Within each farm 10 plants were taken evaluating the incidence and severity of diseases and incidence and arthropod pest populations following the recommended methodologies in each case. The most important diseases present were anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloedporoides), fruit rot (Botritis cinerea), powdery mildew (Oidio sp.) and rust (Gerwasia lagerheimii), highlighting a higher incidence of anthracnose in grape berries with a 13,23% and Castile with thorn with 5.45%. In the branches and leaves the highest incidence was also of this disease. On the other hand, within the plagues of arthropods were found thrips (Frankliniella spp.), aphids (xxxxxxx), mites, damage by micro mites (Phyllocoptes sp.), the borer wasp (Diastrophus sp.) and leaping leaves (Peregrinus maidis), of which the species (Frankliniella spp.) had a higher incidence rate. The age of 2-4 years presented greater incidence of anthracnose in fruits and age. Of the arthropod pests, thrips had a higher incidence with 86.13% and a higher population with 1.85 ind. /inflorescence predominating in the age range of more than four years. In the climate, greater incidence of anthracnose was observed, and among the arthropods were thrips reported in cold weather with the highest incidence and population level.