Caracterización, de las Comunidades Contrastantes de Arvenses en Dos Edades y Tres Zonas de Cultivo del Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en el Municipio de Fortul-Arauca.

Abstract

This project, is an investigation inclined to the study of malherbology, in which the identification of the floristic composition of 6 cocoa lots located in the Alto Bello village of the municipality of Fortul, which were chosen taking into account the ages of the plantation, of which half of these were older than 10 years and the rest less than 3 years, in order that the results are contrasted to evaluate the difference in the composition of the weeds depending on the age of the crop. Sampling was carried out in 3 zones, which were the edge of the lot, under the canopy of the plant and in the street of the crop, 100 throws were made in each zone in order to meet a minimum sampling area of 16 m2. In the results we found a total of 48 species, belonging to 40 genera and 22 families. The most important species considering several phytosociological indexes was Digitaria bicornis, in addition to this, the contrast that exists between the lots older than 10 years with respect to the others was evident, taking into account that, in the younger ones, there was more richness and abundance of the different species. In addition to this, it was found that in the youngest lots the richest area in species is the street, while in the lots older than 10 years, the edge is the area with more species richness, this phenomenon occurs because in these old lots this is the only place where there is direct light, while in the street, due to the high size of the trees, it prevents the passage of light and therefore the development of weeds.