Balance hídrico y su relación con la amenaza a procesos de erosión hídrica en la Microcuenca Jurado.

Abstract

The man catalogued like main person responsible for the exploitation of natural resources on a large scale, is concerned with the conservation and care of the same ones to guarantee to future generations the well-being and quality of life that corresponds to them. It is for this reason that the following research aims to estimate the impact generated on the environment by human actions. As natural resources it is important to mention the soil, listed as a fundamental element in the development of agricultural and livestock activities. Therefore, the importance of analyzing their behavior in the face of climatic, ecological and anthropic variables arises to diagnose their status and quality in the short, medium and long term. This research was carried out in the Jurado gully micro-basin, located in the province of Pamplona, department of Norte de Santander, addressing issues of hydrology, geology and soil mechanics. The main objective of the research was to establish the relationship between the water balance and the threat to water erosion processes. Continuing the work carried out in 2018 in the study area, where the water balance was determined according to the sectors that demand water in the stream. Likewise, supply flows were estimated. Within this framework, for the following investigation an update was made in the hydrometeorological data such as precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, wind speed, among others, which in turn were used to estimate an updated water balance. In addition to this, the incidence of the hydrometeorological variables, the ground cover and a conservation factor thereof, were related to the erosive processes that occurred in the Jurado micro-watershed. With these considerations in mind, it is important to mention that the curve number (NC) methodologies were used to estimate the water balance. On the other hand, in the estimation of erosion rates, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was implemented. For this purpose, we start from the analysis of existing information (coverage maps, data on hydrometeorological variables, satellite images and previous works). At the same time, field visits were made and information was taken on the people, animals and crops present in the study area. Finally, as results of the research, there is a water supply of 0.006 m3 / sec, and a water demand of 0.0022 m3 / sec. In addition, total erosion in the Jurado micro-basin shows mild to moderate levels due to the dense forests that are still conserved in the study area.