Estimación de la relación entre el índice de sequía y la variabilidad climática asociada a fenómenos ENSO en la quebrada Monteadentro, Pamplona- Norte de Santander.

Abstract

According to the literature, the different types of drought are directly related to the behavior of extreme meteorological conditions that occur in a region and that their study constitutes a key element to prevent environmental, social and economic damage. As a result of the hydrological drought evidenced by the companies EMPOPAMPLONA S.A. E.S.P and the municipal mayor's office mainly in 2020 in the Monteadentro micro-basin; The objective of this research was to estimate the relationship between the drought index and the climatic variability associated with ENSO phenomena. For this, physico-morphometric parameters associated with runoff were determined. Likewise, natural and anthropic factors that influence the behavior of the water level and flow of the study area were identified and a survey was applied to the inhabitants to find out their opinion regarding the current problem. On the other hand, the hydrological behavior of the stream was evaluated through the HEC-HMS program and later, the Standardized Rainfall Drought Index (IESP) was determined for the historical series 1985-2020, which was correlated by means of the Pearson coefficient with ENSO phenomena characterized from the Oceanic Child Index (ONI). As results, it was obtained that the type of soil and permeability of the study area are factors that condition the runoff and therefore the flow of the stream. On the other hand, it was obtained that, for the study period, there have been mostly wet events and that in 2020 there is a direct relationship between the IESP with respect to the climate variability associated with the ENSO El Niño phenomenon.