Modelación del transporte de plaguicidas e insecticidas en suelos de cultivo de fresa mediante el software hydrus- 1d en la vereda de monteadentro Pamplona Norte de Santander.

Abstract

In the municipality of Pamplona as well as in other municipalities of Colombia Currently there is no diagnosis of management, regulation and supervision of the use of agrochemicals with which soil degradation can be prevented, since due to its over-exploitation by various activities such as agriculture, chemicals such as pesticides are used excessively. insecticides, among others, which are used during the different phases of the crops, in order to obtain a good yield in their crops. However, these chemical compounds used in agriculture usually reach the soil, either directly or indirectly, causing pollution problems. The objective of this research was to model the transport of pesticides and insecticides in strawberry cultivation soils, using the Hydrus 1-D software. For this, field trips were made to identify the stages of cultivation, pesticides and insecticides used in the different stages of the mentioned crops. Likewise, meteorological information supplied by the IDEAM was collected, in order to identify the level of precipitation and infiltration that occurs in the study area, physical and chemical analyzes of the soil were made to know its current condition and determine if there are significant changes in its composition due to the use of agrochemicals. The pesticides and insecticides studied in the strawberry cultivation soils, were extracted by PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons), using dichloromethane-hexane as a solvent. The identification of pesticides and insecticides was carried out by gas chromatography using an electron micro-capture detector (μECD). Finally, the behavior of these chemical compounds and their affectation to the environment was determined, in order to provide information to the owners of the crops, for an adequate use of these substances.