Análisis de los efectos de las corrientes de falla en sistemas de puesta a tierra del operador de red en usuarios cercanos de las redes de distribución de la empresa centrales eléctricas de Norte de Santander S.A. E.S.P. Ubicados en el barrio los caracoles de la ciudad de Cúcuta.

Abstract

The present project consists in analyzing the behavior of the earthing systems that are installed in the local distribution network of Cúcuta, taking as an example a low voltage circuit of the company Centrales Eléctricas de Norte de Santander SAESP, which feeds to A medium-voltage two-phase network of 13.2 kV, to a distribution transformer with a capacity of 25 kVA thatserve 16 users at low voltage.This analysis was based on calculations and simulations of different failure scenarios and the SPT response to them, where the information from the distribution lines was used as single-phase and three-phase fault currents upstream of the transformer to obtain the Thevenin equivalent of the feeder. Model of an approximation of the equivalent circuit of the study, considering the loads asan impedance RL, resistive and inductive with a power factor of 0.95 which is the minimum for the distributionnetworks normalized by the company. The connections and distribution leads were similarly modeled to account for red voltage drops.For this analysis, the alternative transient program (ATP) is considered as a universal computer program for the simulationof electromagnetic, transient and electromechanical phenomena in electric power systems.The ETAP 12.6.0 program was also used for the modeling of earthing systems and their behavior when varying soil resistances and fault currents.With this work, it waspossible to analyze the behavior of the different grounding configurations that are used in the company, considering different values of resistance to the ground, layers and fault currents, thus obtaining the step, contact and GPR voltages.