Cuidados de enfermería en pacientes con discapacidad funcional.

Abstract

Disability is very diverse, as some health problems are linked to disability leading to poor health and great health care needs, that is not always the case with others. Therefore, all people with disabilities have the same health needs as the general population and, consequently, they need access to health care services. As previously mentioned, it is of essential importance to mention that the quality of life of people with disabilities is and will be the human aspiration of all times that, in order to be evaluated, must be recognized in its multidimensional concept that includes several dimensions such as well-being emotional, interpersonal relationships, material well-being, personal development, physical well-being, self-determination, social inclusion and rights. In this way, for nursing the protection, promotion and optimization of the state of health becomes a fundamental pillar, since its interventions are subject to promoting well-being in all dimensions of the human being; The responsibility of the nursing staff implies actions; not only at a biophysical level (such as the improvement of motor functions) but at a psychosocial level, helping the patient to understand their disease and possible limitations, in addition to educating their relatives in the disease process, for this reason it arises the problem question What is the role of nursing in patients with functional disabilities? Methodology: thematic review which has been developed under the qualitative, descriptive paradigm, which aims to understand the role of nursing in patients with functional disabilities. The period studied includes from the month of September to the month of December of this year. Results: it was possible to show the nurses' teaching to the patients to help themselves, the teaching that they could recreate their knowledge with new ways of life, so that they could “adapt” and lead a new normal life, especially not to feel less and the family plays a very important role because it also has to learn to take care of its relatives with patience and love to adapt, recreate the knowledge that takes a certain time. These strategies would be related to the basic activities of daily life are aimed at self-care and mobility such as: the ability to groom, bathe, feed, go to the bathroom, wander, climb stairs, control of the anal and bladder sphincter. Likewise, there are nursing strategies related to the execution of physical and recreational activities, which improve the quality of life and the performance of daily activities, facilitating independence, autonomy and self-esteem, but which in turn require an adequate nurse-therapeutic relationship patient based on conservation, restoration and self-care. Conclusions: Nurses provide nursing care using scientific knowledge, educating patients and the family. Health education is a very important instrument to improve health, it facilitates: behavioral changes towards healthy behaviors, modifying risk factors. It involves the communication of information and the development of personal skills, addresses the transmission of information, and also fosters motivation, personal skills, and self-esteem.