Desalinización: Otro importante sistema de potabilización masiva.

Abstract

The present monograph is performed as a grade requirement within the DIPLOMATIC OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN POTABILIZATION, it is important since it allows to investigate bibliographically and theoretically everything related to the desalination of water. Today, desalination or desalination has become an affordable solution for drinking water reductions in typically tropical as well as coastal areas. It is a process by which sea water can become a water resource perfectly usable for human consumption, as well as for irrigation and industrial uses. For that, the salts containing the sea water are separated to reach the 0.5 grams per liter of the drinking water, approximately. There are several desalination processes and are differentiated by costs, environmental impact, product quality and energy consumed. By comparing thermal and membrane processes, the different existing technologies for desalination of seawater, technology used, sources of supply and use of desalinated water were found. Desalination processes have been carried out since 1970, being membrane: reverse osmosis (OI), electrodialysis (ED), nano filtration (NF); By thermal systems: multiple stage distillation (MED), multiple flash distillation stage (MSF) and solar distillation (DS). The most commonly used sources of supply are sea water (60%) and brackish water (22%). The comparison between technologies makes it possible to determine that the energy consumption and cost of production of OI is lower and with higher production of desalinated water; In addition it presents significant 11 advantages over the rest because it does not require state changes, as in MED and MSF. OI is the most viable process in production, energy consumed and cost.