El castigo y el poder: de la disciplina visible a la vigilancia invisible.

Abstract

This work presents a critique of punitive violence through a genealogical and interdisciplinary approach. Based on Foucault's work, it traces the development of violence from physical and spectacular methods of punishment to contemporary ones focused on discipline, control, normativity, and the technical inscription on bodies. It argues that punitive violence, far from disappearing, has been disguised under the appearance of legality and rationality. The study explores violence in its various forms: deprivation of liberty, digital surveillance, the symbolic function of punishment, and incarceration. The text also examines the forms of resistance that arise in response to control in modern society, emphasizing that such resistance is immanent to power. The aim of this work is to denaturalize punitive dynamics, their political-ethical implications, and to open the possibility of imagining alternative models that are more just and humane.