Modelo hidrodinámico bidimensional para el análisis de zonas de inundación en el corregimiento del Diamante, Norte de Santander.

Abstract

The El Diamante district, located between the municipalities of Pamplonita and Chinácota, Norte de Santander, faces a significant risk of river flooding due to increasing rainfall intensities and changes in the Pamplonita River channel. To identify areas vulnerable to extreme hydrological events and generate useful information for risk management, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was developed using HEC-RAS and HEC-HMS tools. A topographic survey was initially conducted using a drone and RTK GPS equipment, yielding precise data on the surface and bathymetry of the riverbed. From these data, a Digital Terrain Model (DEM) was constructed in Agisoft software, which was complemented with information processed in ArcGIS to generate contour lines, land-use maps, and vegetation cover. In the hydrological component, maximum daily precipitation data from nearby stations were used to generate IDF curves and model design hyetographs in HEC-HMS for different return periods. The model was calibrated by adjusting the curve number, using historical flow data from the Don Juana station, and applying the Gumbel statistical method to determine future flows. Finally, using the flows obtained for different return periods, flow propagation was simulated in HEC-RAS, generating flood zone maps. This study provides a valuable technical tool for territorial planning and flood risk mitigation in vulnerable rural communities such as El Diamante