Prevención de Riesgos Laborales en Obras Hidráulicas.

Abstract

This monograph aims to investigate and analyze the main risk factors associated with the execution of water projects, in order to propose effective strategies to mitigate these risks and ensure occupational safety on construction sites. To meet this objective, a comprehensive literature review was carried out in scientific databases, specialized journals, of scientific articles and institutional repository of universities the selected information was classified and analyzed in order to identify the main risk factors present in the execution of water projects, the most common risk factors identified were personnel, such as lack of experience, lack of training, overconfidence and to give priority to comfort over safety. The most common process and site-specific risk factors in hydraulic construction are: earthworks; heavy machinery; lifting equipment; working at heights; foundations; concrete and metal structures; enclosures; electrical hazards; Work in confined space; Burial by landslide; Falls by difference of level. It was found that the majority of accidents result from unsafe acts and risk conditions caused by lack of proper control and supervision. These factors, combined with inexperience, lack of training, over-confidence and a preference for comfort over safety, have a significant influence on and are determinants of accident. The implementation of a Safety and Health at Work Management System (SG-SST) is envisaged to ensure workers' safety. This system should be specifically designed to address the risks associated with each hydraulic work, from the construction stage to the operation and maintenance phases, promoting a safety and prevention culture at all levels of the organization. Promote self-care in the worker to eradicate overconfidence and avoid giving priority to comfort over safety.