Efecto de la fertilización química y orgánica sobre variables de crecimiento y rendimiento en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) variedad NK 4015 VIP3 en el municipio de Aguazul, Casanare.

Abstract

The present study focused on the establishment of a productive project of yellow hybrid corn (Zea mays L.) of the variety Nk 4015 Vip3, as a model of agricultural production in the municipality of Aguazul, Casanare. A completely randomized block experimental design was implemented, composed of four treatments and five repetitions, with the objective of evaluating the effect of chemical and organic fertilization on the growth and yield variables of the corn crop. The implementation of the crop was carried out in a production cycle on an area of 1,000 m² which was subdivided into 20 experimental units. Each experimental plot had dimensions of 10 meters long by 2 meters wide, totaling a surface area of 20 m² per plot. The agronomic management of corn included the application of four different treatments: control without fertilizer, chemical fertilization, organic fertilization and mixed fertilization. In addition, continuous monitoring, integrated weed management, integrated pest and disease control were carried out, and the harvest was carried out following the recommended agronomic practices to optimize crop performance. The results showed that Treatment 2 (100% chemical) was the most effective, achieving the highest heights and number of leaves in all stages. Treatment 4 (50% chemical + 50% organic) was positioned as a sustainable alternative, obtaining intermediate results without significant differences with the chemical treatment in some variables. The leaf area, however, showed no significant differences between treatments. The impact of fertilization on maize development is highlighted, suggesting that although chemical fertilizer optimizes growth, organic-chemical combinations offer a promising balance between productivity and sustainability. Long-term studies are recommended.