Propagación in vitro de PAPA CRIOLLA (solanum tuberosum grupo phureja) variedad “puenda” a partir de brotes de tubérculos.

Abstract

The cultivation of Solanum tuberosum Phureja Group, together with other cultivars, is a mainstay of the Colombian economy and nutrition. However, the lack of technology, weather fluctuations and the proliferation of pests have led to a decrease in potato production yields. Likewise, the different potato varieties and genotypes such as the "Puenda" variety do not have adaptations for their survival and end up dying, generating losses for the farmers of these potato varieties. Based on the above, plant biotechnology emerges as a tool to counteract this type of adverse situations that affect crop yields through in vitro propagation. The general objective of this study was to determine the stimulating effect of the plant growth regulators AG3, BAP and ANA in the in vitro propagation of the species S. tuberosum Phureja Group "Puenda" using tuber sprouts as explants. For this purpose, tuber sprouts were subjected to solutions of 10 mg/L AG3 for 3 hours as a hormonal pre-treatment. The generated shoots were cut in the plant biotechnology laboratory and subjected to disinfection treatment using Tween-20 with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at different concentrations (1; 3; 5.25 %) and at different times (1, 5, 10 min). Subsequently, the established explants were sown on Murashige Skoog, 1962 (MS) culture medium with AG3 (0.1 mg/L) and at different concentrations of BAP (1.0; 3.0; 5.0 mg/L) to induce shoot formation. Then, the material obtained was sown in another MS culture medium with different concentrations of ANA (0.1; 0.5; 1.0 mg/L) for the rooting phase. In this sense, the parameters evaluated were the percentage of viability, number and length of shoots and roots. Finally, the data obtained were processed in GraphPad Prism 9 software and the Kruskal-Wallis test was performed and statistical significance was tested with Dunn's post hoc for multiple treatments. The most effective disinfection treatment was found to be the highest concentration (5.25%) of NaOCl and the shortest time (1 min) with a viability of 70%. Finally, the results showed that both shoot formation and rooting in this creole potato genotype is not affected by growth regulators. Therefore, the variety "Puenda" of S. tuberosum Grupo Phureja does not depend on phyto-regulators for in vitro propagation. In summary, this variety only requires the application of basal MS salts at 100% concentration, ascorbic acid (100 mg/L) and sucrose (30 g/L) for its propagation.