Evaluación de las fluctuaciones en el tiempo de las plagas en tres genotipos de Rubus Spp. en el semestre A de 2022 bajo las condiciones de la finca El Pino, Pamplona, Norte de Santander.

Abstract

Blackberry cultivation constitutes a prioritized line in the Department of Norte de Santander. In many municipalities with a cold climate, this plant is cultivated and is affected by different pests. The objective of this research was to evaluate the fluctuations in the time of the pests in three genotypes of Rubus spp. in semester A of the year 2022 under the conditions of the El Pino farm, Sabaneta Alta village, Pamplona, Norte de Santander. Observations and measurements of disease incidence and severity parameters and incidence and population levels of arthropod and slug pests were made at 15 days’ time in three fields with commercial varieties of Castilla blackberry with and without thorns and a third variety known as Uva blackberry. A rain gauge and a Datalogger were located to measure rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. Five plants per field were taken and the methodologies proposed for the harmful agents of the blackberry were used. The most important diseases present in the El Pino farm in Sabaneta Alta, Pamplona, in the first half of 2022 were anthracnose, powdery mildew and Botrytis rot, mainly in fruits, anthracnose and Botrytis rot with no statistical difference between the three varieties studied, but lower incidence and severity of mildew in blackberry Grapes. Disease fluctuations were influenced by production pruning, fungicide treatments and average temperature conditions, and total rainfall. Populations of tetranic mites were detected, as well as the presence of aphids, thrips, Phyllocoptes sp. and slugs, while damage from Diastrophus sp. The tetranics damaged the three varieties studied, with higher populations for Uva blackberry where they correlated negatively with the total rainfall, the slug populations fluctuated indistinctly in the three varieties correlated with the total rainfall and rainy days, while the incidence of the Diastrophus damage was only observed in Uva blackberry with statistical difference with the rest of the varieties and without correlation with meteorological variables.