Evaluación del efecto de la aplicación al suelo de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos solos y en combinación con fertilización química sobre variables de crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de frijol arbustivo Calima (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en el municipio de Enciso, Santander.

Abstract

In this work, the effect of the application alone and combined with chemical fertilization of humic and fulvic acids as soil conditioners in the cultivation of bush beans Calima, in the municipality of Enciso Santander, was evaluated. For this purpose, a completely randomized block experimental design was carried out with six treatments and four repetitions per treatment, for a total of 24 plots. The treatments applied were: T0: control without fertilization; T1: chemical fertilization 100% recommended; T2: 100% AgrohumicoL application; T3: 50% chemical fertilization + 50% Agrohumicol; T4: 25% chemical fertilization + 75% Agrohumicol; T5: 75% chemical fertilization + 25% Agrohumicol. Growth and yield variables were measured in the Calima variety bush bean crop, such as stem length and diameter, crown diameter, number of flowers per plant, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and average number of grains per plant. plant. The best results found in the length and diameter of the stem and crown diameter were with T5 (75% chemical fertilization + 25% Agrohumicol) and T3 (50% chemical fertilization + 50% Agrohumicol) with values well above T0 (control: without fertilization). There were statistical differences in the days to emergence between T0 and T1, the number of days to emergence being lower in T1 (7 and 8 days, respectively), while no statistical differences were observed among the rest of the treatments (p> 0 .05). However, it stands out that T2, T3, T4 and T5 had fewer days to emergence. The germination percentage in all treatments was higher than 80% and there were no differences between treatments. In the variable cotyledonal opening, T0 presented the highest number of days, while T1 and T5 presented the lowest value. Between T3, T4, T5, there was no significant variation. In the variable days to continuous flowering, T1 and T5 presented the shortest time, and in the other treatments there were no significant differences. In the number of flowers per plant, T1 presented the highest number of flowers (40.15±2.60), compared to T5 (27±5.19). In the number of pods/plant, T1 presented the highest number, followed by T2. In the number of grains/pod T0 and T1 have the highest number. The grains/plant variable T1 and T5 present the best averages with 86.12±7.81B and 75.18±18.15B, respectively. At a general level, humic and fulvic acids were positive and significant in the growth and yield variables measured in the bush bean crop var. Calima. It was shown that humic and fulvic acids used as soil conditioners improve and act in synergy with edaphic fertilization, allowing the decrease in the use of the latter and providing the soil with favorable conditions that are evidenced in greater vegetative and reproductive development of the legume crop.