Caracterización de los suelos cultivados con mora (Rubus robustus C. Presl) en la vereda Batagá del municipio de Pamplonita, Norte de Santander.

Abstract

In the rural areas of the municipality of Pamplonita, Norte de Santander, the production of blackberry (Rubus robustus C. Presl) has been taken as an alternative, however, due to the low knowledge about its agronomic management and adaptation to different climate and soil conditions, the peasants have limited their sowing. Therefore, in this investigation, a characterization of the physical properties such as texture, humidity, bulk density, real density, porosity, mechanical resistance to penetration and chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity and organic matter of cultivated soils was carried out. with blackberry grape Rubus robustus C. Presl, in the village of Batagá in the municipality of Pamplonita, Norte de Santander in order to identify the characteristics of the most limiting soils for the production of this crop. For this, a descriptive and exploratory study was carried out in which six farms were selected. In each farm a plot of 1000 m2 was delimited. Within each plot, 6 simple soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, for a total of 12 samples per plot. At the time of sampling, the volumetric humidity was measured with a field humidity meter, the mechanical resistance to penetration with a portable soil penetrometer and samples were taken with soil cylinders to determine the bulk density of the soils. The samples were dried and sieved through a mesh with a hole diameter of less than 2 mm. The real density was determined by the pycnometer method; pH and electrical conductivity in a 2:1 water-soil ratio; and organic matter by the loss on ignition method. An analysis of variance was performed and when it was significant, a Tukey test was applied for multiple comparison of means in the physical and chemical variables between depths. The soils are generally sandy loam and sandy loam with percentages of sand above 60% in all farms. Volumetric and gravimetric humidity did not present differences between them, however, between farms it was observed that those with more sandy soils presented lower humidity at the time of sampling. All the apparent density values were below 1.5 g/cm3 in all the farms, showing that they do not have compaction problems and that they were corroborated by the values of mechanical resistance to penetration, which was less than 2.5 kg/cm3. cm2. The porosity was between 30 and 40% in some soils, being low, although the sandiest soils presented the highest porosity values. The pH was strongly acidic and very acidic in two of the farms while in others it was slightly acidic. The electrical conductivity was low and the percentage of organic matter varied between 5.95 and 16.91%. For soils located above 2000 masl these values are between sufficient and high. The most limiting characteristics were the very sandy texture of the soils, and in the dry season it is probable that there is low retention of water for the plants and the pH of the soils in two of the farms, for which it is necessary to adopt measures such as liming of soils and application of organic fertilizers as well as the implementation of cover crops or application of mulch. It is recommended to evaluate the nutrient content in the soil and compare it with the yield of the crop.